Early Childhood Educators Promote Diversity, And As A...

more multicultural, the need for educators to provide support to different family structures increases. This review will examine strategies utilized by early childhood educators to promote diversity, and as a result improve academic outcomes. Most data related to diversity in the classroom is derived from research in pre-school and Head Start programs. Although there are other avenues for early childhood education, including home-based and center-based childcare, this research will focus on pre-K and Head Start. Literature Review: Influencing Teacher Perspectives Meeting the needs of a diverse student population continues to be a problem in American classrooms. â€Å"While the student population is rapidly becoming more diverse, the teaching†¦show more content†¦It is essential that educators develop strategies to work more effectively with their student populations. Best practices for early childhood educators have been established to include multicultural curriculum for children from diverse backgrounds. â€Å"Early childhood educators have already adopted multiculturalism and anti-bias curriculum frameworks to address issues of culture and diversity† (Ponciano Shabazian, 2012). According to Ponciano and Shabazian, multiculturalism involves providing equal opportunities and viewing cultural difference in a positive light. Anti-bias curriculum builds on this concept by emphasizing actions in response to racism and discrimination. As teachers put these two concepts into perspective, it helps to provide an in-class environmen t where children are educated about various cultures. Some school districts have incorporated diversity trainings, held cultural nights at schools, as well as implemented cross-cultural learning experiences through home visit programs. Lin and Bates study was conducted to research the impact of home visits on an educator’s belief on diversity in their classroom. Focusing on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory, which explores the five levels of an environment that influence human development, teachers sought out to affect the microsystem. A microsystem is the system that is closest to the student. â€Å"A microsystem includes

A Government Conspiracy Essays - 1185 Words

A Government Conspiracy To most a fairy tale, to some an interesting topic of discussion, however, to a small population, 5 % to be exact, Government conspiracy does exist. How, you might ask, do I intend to prove that indeed government conspiracy is real? I do not intend to prove it. In fact I only intend to inform you of its ever growing ploy of world domination, capitalism and control and open your mind to the idea that government conspiracy is out there. Throughout history as it is known to repeat itself, I will show facts that support this â€Å"theory† and dismiss the legendary lies we have been taught to believe through a system known as memetics. Looking back into the past, our four fathers first started the conspiracy of a new†¦show more content†¦50-51. WEB) That is a clear indication that no ship, be it passenger or warship nor weapon bearing or not, flying the colors of any enemy known to the German forces were to enter those waters. With this knowledge one would think that sending a passenger ship into dangerous waters would require an escort. The Lusitania was not escorted. The captain of the ship Captain Turner was also advised on several occasions to reroute to a safer location or docking. These requests were ignored. It was also confirmed that the Lusitania, a passenger ship, indeed was carrying weapons and ammunitions. Along with that it is believed the Lusitania suffered from a second explosion, either the ammunition stored down below or a possible second torpedo launched from the U boat. Knowingly travelling into enemy waters, unguarded, with weapons, the Lusitania was inevitably sunk in order to achieve an excuse to join actively into the war for profit. â€Å"The Lusitania’s sinking created widespread public outrage and was the decisive factor in bringing America onto Britain’s side in W.W.I. However, the real story has yet to be told. For just as Pearl harbor and 9/11 were staged theatre pieces, so the Lusitania was sunk with the same end in view: to widen conflictShow MoreRelatedGovernment Conspiracies and Life Threatening Experiments1062 Words   |  4 Pagestruth, then you’re stupid. Did you hear that? – stupid,† proclaims Arthur Sylvester, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs (The Governments, 1). Those that reflect a low trust for the government and businesses have conjured various theories to explain where the government has failed to inform their nation with all of the information. With the government exempting themselves from telling their citizens thetruth, America has every right not to trust them. As people of a country founded on truthRead MoreThe Government Bioethics Conspiracy Of The United States1805 Words   |  8 PagesWorld governments have frequently relied on unknowing participants and or prisoners of war for experimentation. While these experiments range vastly concerning procedures, outcomes, and justification, they all existed to outsmart international enemies efficiently. The government bioethics conspiracy I researched is Project MKUltra. This was a secretive CIA program that experimented with mind control, hallucinogenic drugs, and the behavioral engineering of humans from 1953 to 1973. Because the programRead More9/11 Conspiracy Theory: Government Intervention and Involvement833 Words   |  4 PagesThe official story of 9/11 is a conspiracy theory in that the government claims 19 hijackers conspired together to hijack four planes and create terror in the world. Four American airplanes were hijacked; two were driven into the World Trade Centers and the third airplane into the Pentagon. The fourth airplane suspected target was the White House, but it was diverted by the brave men and women aboard that hijacked airplane, and crashed the airline jet before i t could reach its target. It was likeRead MoreThe Secret Of Conspiracy Theory1099 Words   |  5 Pagesthe nature of politics in relation to culture that leads conspiracy theories to arise in every historical event. This is due to his frustrating use of too much historical detail on conspiracy theories in relation to culture (mass media and fictional writing). In contrast to Fenster examination of conspiracy theory, Knight would critics his book, because of his excess use of data on conspiracy. As Knight argues attempt to understand conspiracy from â€Å"gold standard of rationality views paranoid styleRead MoreTop Five Conspiracy Theories That Catch Everyone S Eyes1275 Words   |  6 PagesTOP FIVE CONSPIRACY THEORIES THAT CATCH EVERYONE’S EYES Wikipedia described Conspiracy Theory as an event or situation that invokes a conspiracy without a warrant. Generally, one involving an illegal or harmful act carried out by the government or powerful actors. The word conspiracy is derived from the Latin words con and spire which means to â€Å"breathe together.† It is a term that initially was a neutral descriptor for any claim, criminal or political conspiracy. Nevertheless, conspiracy theory inRead MoreHow Social Factors Can Contribute Conspiracy Theories? Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose of this study is to give a better understanding on how social factors can contribute to conspiracy beliefs and to bring systematic evidence upon two questions: â€Å"Who believes conspiracy theories, and what sources of information are associated with believing conspiracy theories?† (Stempel 2007:353) There are many conspiracies that could have been used to answer these two questions, but the conspiracies that were chosen are related to the attacks on 9/11 (Stempel 353). Nine hypothesis were generatedRead MoreThe Influence of Media on Society1266 Words   |  5 Pagesincrease in the amount of people who still believe in unlikely conspiracies or hoaxes. This has caused a large uproar and scepticism of the government, and with more evidence proving the governments secrecy, and conspiracy theories coming true, the citizens of countries are getting more paranoid of their own country and others around the world. There is a lack of trust from citizens toward their government, and with mistakes made by the government, some would argue that these worries are justified. ZogbyRead MoreConspiracy Theories And The Conspiracy Theory1179 Words   |  5 Pages Conspiracy Analysis In today, society innumerable conspiracy theories discuss what could have occurred. Furthermore, these conspiracy theories are not a fact, but it is an opinion formed by the people who believes that there is something that is kept hidden from the general public. Unfortunately, this information about numerous conspiracies always been a mystery, which the expert who worked in this field for decades are struggling to unravelRead MoreHistorical Scholarship On Conspiracy On American Culture1254 Words   |  6 Pagesreason or irrationality that empowers reason with its undeniable coercive force.† Hence, the book does not go hand in hand with other cultural conspiracy historians; despite the similarity of research result the perception applied varies. The last book on cultural conspiracy to be examined exemplifies newer trend in the historical scholarship on conspiracy on American culture since sixteenth century up to nineteen century. John Farrell’s Paranoia and Modernity study bases on works of historiansRead MoreTaking a Look at Conspiracy Theories1319 Words   |  5 Pagesevents have an official story, and another often less credible story pursued by doubters and sceptics of the government or the details in the story. These sceptics are more often than not referred to as conspiracy theorists. The issue that arises with these conspiracy theories is that while some sound over the top ridiculous, some have turned out to be all but true. For this reason, conspiracies are often controversial, they make serious issues into a fairytale, or a simple non-serious event into a serious

Major Theories of Human Development Free Essays

1. Epigenetic theory (Erikson) Erikson’s epigenetic theory depicts personality development as a passage through eight sequential stages of ego development from infancy through old age. According to Erikson, the developing individual must master and resolve, to some extent, a core conflict or crisis during each stage by integrating personal needs and skills with the social and cultural demands and expectations of the environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Major Theories of Human Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Passage to each developmental stage is dependent on the resolution of the core conflict of ht preceding stage. No core conflict is completely mastered, however (Mandleco 2004). 2. Psychoanalytic theory (Freud) According to Freud, human behavior is motivated by psychodynamic forces within an individual’s unconscious mind. Driven to act by these internal forces, individuals repeatedly interact with their external environment. An individual’s personality and psychosexual identity are developed through the accumulation of these interacational experiences. Personality consists of three components: id, ego and superego. The id is inborn, unconscious and driven by biologic instincts. The ego is a conscious and rational faculty. The superego is the internalization of the moral values learnt from parents and elders (Madleco 2004). 3) Behaviorist theory (Watson) Behaviorism contends that human behavior can be explained as just a relationship between a stimulus and a response, and learned behavior is just a conditioned response.  Everything from speech to emotional responses are simply patterns of stimulus and response. Watson denied completely the existence of the mind or consciousness. Emotions are regarded simply as conditioned bodily responses to outside events. Thinking is explained simply as talking quietly. Watson believed that human behavior should be studied in a manner that allows the researcher to predict and control those behaviors (Klein 1989). 4) Classical conditioning (Thorndike, Skinner) Building upon the work of Thorndike, Skinner distinguished two types of behavior. Respondent behavior is based on reflexes and does not require learning. For example, if one touches a hot surface, one will quickly remove one’s hand. Operant behavior, however, is learnt, and is performed spontaneously rather than as an automatic response to a situation. According to Skinner most human behavior is operant. Whereas classical conditioning depends on developing associations between events, operant conditioning involves learning from consequences of our behavior (Klein 1989). 5) Social learning theory (Bandura) In social learning theory, primary focus is given to learning experiences that occur through reciprocal social interactions. Environmental or situational determinants are important, but interactions are thought to be the conduit for internalization of social and nonsocial cues for behavior. Bandura and colleagues investigated the effects of modeling and imitation on the behavior of young children. They postulated that modeling and imitation are the primary interaction processes through which behavioral repertoires are acquired. Social learning theory emphasizes the socializing influence of the family (Lerner 1996). 6)   Cognitive theory (Piaget) According to Piaget’s cognitive theory, children’s development is marked by periods when they are particularly sensitive and responsive to outside influences. However, children are not blank slates on which teachers compose whatever they desire. Children, who have inherent dispositions and tendencies and are subject to their external environments, develop and grow intellectually in an invariable sequence from birth through adolescence and adulthood. To teach effectively, teachers should be aware of the materials and approaches most appropriate for a child’s readiness to learn (Sigelman Rider 2005). 7. Humanism (Maslow) The humanistic theory centers its attention on the experiencing person, emphasizes on qualities such as choice, creativity, valuation, and self-realization, with an ultimate concern for valuing of dignity and worth of a man, and an interest in the development of the potential inherent in every person. Maslow has referred to his psychology as holistic, dynamic psychology, and most of all it is known as self-actualization psychology, which expresses that people possess potentiality which could become actualities through the process of wholesome growth (Coon 2004). 8. Stages of moral development (Kohlberg) Kohlberg postulated that human beings tend to progress through six stages of moral development. People tend to make decisions and judgments about right and wrong for different reasons, depending on the stage of development they have achieved. Kohlberg’s six stages of moral development are: 1) Right is obedience to power and avoidance of punishment.   2)Right is taking responsibility for oneself 3) Right is being good in the sense of having good motives 4) Right is maintaining the rules of a society 5) Right is based on recognized individual rights within a society 6) Right is an assumed obligation to principles applying to all humankind: justice, equality, and respect to human life (Lerner 1996). References: Coon, D. 2004. Introduction to Psychology : Gateways to Mind and Behavior. Belmont, CA :   Thomson Wadsworth Klein, S. B. 1989. Contemporary Learning Theories: Instrumental Conditioning Theory  and the Impact of Biological Constraints on Learning. Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Lerner, R. M. 1996. Concepts and Theories of Human Development. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Mandleco, B. L. 2004. Growth Development Handbook: Newborn Through Adolescent. Clifton Park, NY : Delmar Learning Sigelman, C. K. Rider E. A. 2005. Life-span Human Development.   Belmont, CA : Thomson Wadsworth How to cite Major Theories of Human Development, Essay examples

Northern Indian Hindustani Music Essay Example For Students

Northern Indian Hindustani Music Essay Jonathan Neumann Historic Traditions 3: World Music Final Presentation / Paper Thats The musical tradition of Northern Indian Hindustan music is built on different conceptions of musical components than our traditional Western music. Notation of this music is a relatively new endeavor, starting in the sasss. Previously the music culture was a tradition passed down orally from a guru or a sashay. The notation of the music today is known a relatively non-standardized process with more emphasis on interval relations than on actual pitches. For example there is no concept of a 440 A within traditional Hindustan music, rather, they rely on thats. These thats are similar to the notion of scales, with different thats containing different intervals not unlike our major, minor, and subsequent key signatures. In total up to ten different thats are identified in Northern Indian Hindustan music. Another shared element is the typical use of seven scale degrees, called sward, and the repetition of the octave. In this way the thats can be compared to the Do, Re, MI, process associated with college notation. This is perhaps the best analogy for understanding the fundamentals of Hindustan music from a western perspective. Each of the scale degrees has a name as follows (in ascending order); As, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dad, N, and then the repetition of As. The fifth scale degree, Pa, is typically held in a standard position much like the dominant in college, with the other notes being mutable in either sharp or flat variations (tibia and kamala respectively). The extent of these variations is however less typical than the half tone steps in Western music and often are monoclonal variations in either direction, to that effect there are twenty- wow recognized pitches within one octave, all of which may be generated by sharing or flatting one of the seven base notes. As Western music tradition recognized the different registers of a vocalists range as soprano, tenor, and bass, the same is true for Indian Hindustan music. Instead of refereeing too vocal or instrumental range, however, these registers are defined for the piece; Tara being the highest range, followed by Madhya and Amanda as the lowest. The reason for this distinction being held for entire pieces could stem from the limited ranges (traditional Hindustan USIA typically keeps within one octave) or from the nature of the music as being centered on the vocalists performance. Indeed the objective of many of the aforementioned instruments is to mimic or embellish the voice. Ragas The thats that exist in Hindustan music are classified into different ragas. If a that were to be compared to a scale in western culture, then a raga would be the equivalent off mode. Ragas are made up of unique pitches with musically comprised of between five and seven notes, a seven-tone raga is known as a complete or sampan raga, those with six sward are called shadow, and those with vive, Dave. Being defined by the intervals between the notes as well as the general register used, the same collection of pitches may be used in different ragas and yet each would still sound different due to the differences in the use of the tones. As previously noted, there is no conception of perfect pitch within this music culture, rather each raga is built upon a tonic note, usually chosen by the lead performer, which becomes a drone. This drone is then used as a reference for the duration of the piece for the musicians to rely upon. A unique feature of the ragas in Hindustan USIA is that their notes or swards do not always follow an ascending or descending order. Sometimes the swards within a raga are altered such that they form a crooked scale, known in Indian music culture as a Vassar raga. .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da , .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da .postImageUrl , .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da , .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da:hover , .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da:visited , .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da:active { border:0!important; } .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da:active , .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue834587672abf55fb5cef87d42ab65da:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Development of Popular Music EssayAtlas Ragas in Indian Hindustan music culture express the melodic content of any piece or performance of music. Not addressed is the notion of rhythm or meter. The term tall is used to describe the pulse of the music. The term originates from the Indian word for clap so its rhythmic implications are apparent from the start. Just as ragas eave no set tonic, rather, one is chosen at the beginning of the piece, the same is true for atlas. No tall has a predetermined tempo and all can be used at any speeds. Three general tempos are recognized in Hindustan music of India; a slow speed called ability lay, Madhya lay, and the fastest of the three, drum lay. Every tall is subdivided into smaller portions, much like a phrase in Western music is divided into measures. These divisions are known as visages with the first beat of each being the most important and often is accompanied by clapping. We find in the conception f atlas that the first beat is the most important of all and is also the last beat within a piece. This is similar to the cyclical form of rhythm found in Indonesian music. Both cultures stress the primary beat, or Sam as it is known in India, by coinciding a resolve in the melody as well at the meter at this critical point. Musical form Traditionally, Indian classical music was performed in a style known as DARPA, typically a sung style, featuring one or more male vocalists. A performance off raga in the classical DARPA manner is usually divided into two segments. The first is allied the lap and consists of an improvisation based upon the raga used but not strictly adherent to its rules of note order or pitch. The performer is generally allowed free reign as it were, with limited if any rhythmic dictation, variations on the pitch order, and even the sharing and flatting of notes to add character and life to the performance, similarly to Jazz improvisation in contemporary Western music. Gradually a slow rhythm will come to light and as it becomes more noticeable, the performance will settle into the rhythm and at the same time will become less literally free, returning to the rules of the raga being performed. After the improvisational lap section the goat, or bandies, of the performance starts. Title room for free embellishment, instead focusing on the beauty of the particular raga being performed. The components within the goat are the raga, or melodic content, the atlas, or rhythmic punctuation, as well as any embellishment used by the performers (always in keeping with the raga form though). This ornamentation is called kamala in Indian culture. DARPA tradition has evolved over the past several hundred years into additional spineless known as shall and Tirana; both primarily vocally based forms of Hindustan music. Although Tirana is generally set at a fast tempo than shall, both styles of performance concentrate much more vehemently on the aspect of improvisation in the musical performance. This improvisation is used to convey and touch upon an emotional content, similar to the concept of Tartar exhibited in Arabic music tradition. The association can be further seen in that most performances in the shall and Tirana forms contain a decidedly small amount of emotionally charged attic content, instead concentrating on the actual vocal performance of the music.